Recent innovations and developments concerning the beeswax as phase change material for thermal energy storage: a review

It is possible to store heat energy and extract it from materials in the form of internal energy changes such as sensible heat, latent heat, and thermo-chemistry, or in any combination of these three. In systems of insensible heat storage, energy is stored by raising the temperature of the medium to which it is being stored. During the process of heat absorption and release, this system makes use of the heat capacity of materials as well as variations in the temperature of those materials. The quantity of energy that is deposited within the system is dependent on the specific heat of the medium, as well as variations in temperature and the amount of medium that is used. The principle behind the operation of latent heat storage is that the storage medium absorbs or releases heat depending on whether or not it is undergoing a phase transition from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa. Beeswax is a naturally occurring phase change material (PCM) that has its greatest phase transition enthalpy in the temperature range of 60–68 °C. It has the potential to be used in a wide number of applications that include the storage of thermal energy. Researchers are interested in the durability and temperature resistance of beeswax. This study aims to deliver a comprehensive review that provides a rundown of experimental, numerical, and experimental and numerical studies on beeswax and Nanoparticles-beeswax as PCM for thermal energy storage (TES). The review will also provide a summary of recent developments in research. This article also discusses a few other concerns pertaining to setting up, researching parameters, and discovering results. Studies on beeswax are presently being conducted, and based on the results of the most recent one, suggestions have been made for other research projects to be carried out.