Beyond teaching instructional design models: exploring the design process to advance professional development and expertise

Instructional Design literature provides descriptions of established models that are particularly helpful for novices learning the patterns and approaches that have historically proven successful. However, it does not provide as much information about the design process in its largest sense. The popularity of established ID models may cause instructional designers to limit their approaches and isolate themselves from alternate views of design. The authors present a synthesis of the literature of design in general with specific approaches cited in fields including architecture, the automotive industry, engineering, fashion, the performing arts, as well as instructional design, and conclude with a discussion of what ID might adopt and adapt from other design disciplines to foster professional development and expertise.