Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Encapsulated n-Tetracosane and the Effect of Surface Modification by Silane Coupling Agents

Microencapsulation of n-tetracosane, whose melting point is approximately 50 °C, in a silica shell has been performed through the sol–gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor for silica-shell formation. Additionally, two types of silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface of the microcapsules to change the wettability. The morphology of the microcapsules was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results confirmed the presence of n-tetracosane and silica in the synthesized microcapsules. Wettability analysis showed hydrophobic and hydrophilic features because of the added silane coupling agents. From the results of differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the encapsulation ratio of the microcapsules increased with decreasing TEOS/n-tetracosane ratio, and the highest encapsulation ratio was 87.1 % at a TEOS/n-tetracosane ratio of 0.25. The pH in the microcapsule solution was affected by addition of a silane coupling agent, and shifting the pH to the basic side lowered the encapsulation ratio owing to enhancement of silica condensation. After 100 differential scanning calorimetry cycles, there was no significant degradation in the phase-change temperatures and enthalpies, which confirmed the good phase-change stability and repeatability. Therefore, the microcapsules are a potential material for thermal-energy-storage systems to effectively utilize energy.