Promoting Middle School Students’ Learning Motivation and Academic Emotions via Student-Created Feedback for Online Student-Created Multiple-Choice Questions

The comparative effects of student-created feedback for online student-created multiple-choice questions (the experimental group) and online student-created multiple-choice questions alone (the control group) on middle school-aged students’ learning motivation and both positive and negative academic emotions were examined. A non-equivalent control group design was adopted. One hundred and nine seventh graders from four intact classes participated for 9 weeks. The results of the ANCOVA indicated that students in the experimental group scored significantly higher than those in the control group in learning motivation and positive academic emotions in the subject matter studied. No statistically significant differences in negative academic emotions in the subject matter studied between the two groups were supported by the ANCOVA results. Based on the findings, suggestions for instruction and future studies were provided.