With the rapid development of urban rail transportation, there is a growing number of projects involving new foundation pits near existing metro stations. One particular risk associated with these projects is the uncoordinated deformation of station structures induced by unilateral excavation, which cannot be detected by current monitoring systems. As a result, this study proposes an innovative automated health monitoring system for assessing the uncoordinated deformation of the existing station side wall and row piles under unilateral excavation conditions. The system employs advanced monitoring equipment, such as microwave radar and laser level deformation monitor, to achieve high-precision, automated, real-time, and all-weather monitoring of structural deformation. By wirelessly and remotely transmitting the monitoring data, the automated analysis is performed to establish the graded safety warning and feedback mechanism for the entire construction cycle. The successful application of this monitoring system has revealed two types of uncoordinated deformation in the station side wall and row piles. Moreover, the uncoordinated deformation of the structure under unilateral excavation can be spatially categorized into three areas: stratigraphic restraint area, shallow excavation area, and deep excavation area. Furthermore, by employing Gaussian distribution fitting on the monitoring data of the entire construction cycle, the station side wall and row piles have been determined to exhibit a high degree of safety. In conclusion, the research findings can realize automated health monitoring, early warning, and feedback of uncoordinated deformation in station structures under unilateral excavation conditions, thereby guiding safe construction practices for multi-line transfer stations.
