Risk factors for proteinuria and renal insufficiency in Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes

Recent evidences suggest that risk factors for albuminuria and renal insufficiency may not be the same, but data are lacking for Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Hence, the study was planned to analyze the risk factors for proteinuria and renal insufficiency in Asian Indian patients with T2DM. In this case-control study, North Indian patients with T2DM more than or equal to 5 years were screened for proteinuria. Proteinuria included both microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria which were defined as per standard criteria. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using MDRD formula, and eGFR <60 ml/min was considered as renal insufficiency. Multivariate analysis was used to calculate odds ratio for proteinuria and renal insufficiency separately. Out of 560 patients with T2DM, 344 (61.4 %) had proteinuria and 234 had renal insufficiency (eGFR < 60 ml/min). Independent risk factors for proteinuria were male sex (OR 2.9), smoking (OR 2.1), and systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg (OR 5.3), while independent risk factors for renal insufficiency were duration of diabetes >10 years (OR 1.8), systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg (OR 2.1), and triglycerides >150 mg/dl (OR 2.2). BMI >23 kg/m2 was associated with a decrease risk for both proteinuria (OR 0.4) and renal insufficiency (OR 0.3). This study reaffirms that risk factors for albuminuria and renal insufficiency are different in patients with T2DM.