Design and synthesis of hybrid nanostructures for sustainable energy and environmental remediation

The issue of energy and environmental remediation is of paramount importance to mankind. In environmental remediation, hybrid nanocomposites offer the potential for detection and effective removal of air and water pollutants such as gases (SO2, CO, NOx), inorganic (heavy metal and fluoride ions) contaminates, and organic (dyes, volatile organic compounds, chlorinated organic compounds) contaminates. Nanomaterial shows better performance in sustainable energy production and environmental remediation than traditional techniques due to their unique properties such as high photocatalytic activity, excellent conductivity with porosity, high surface area, ease of reconstruction, physicochemical and mechanical properties, and chemical stability. Thus, hybrid nanomaterials bring an additional benefit to the development of green energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro energies. This review begins with an introduction to hybrid nanostructured materials and their morphology. The review covers the synthesis of hybrid nanostructures using various techniques. Finally, the review discusses different methods to improve sustainable energy production and elaborate water and air purification regarding environmental remediation.