Centroid-Based Routing protocol with moving sink node for uniform and non-uniform distribution of wireless sensor nodes

A routing protocol called ‘Centroid-Based Routing (CBR)’ is proposed to optimize the total system energy for a given wireless sensor network. We have designed the CBR protocol to optimize the battery life of the sensor nodes, by using a mobile Sink Node (SN). In CBR, several clusters are formed for the sensor nodes and each cluster is assigned a ‘Cluster Head (CH)’ node, and these CHs act as a local Base Station. The SN moves to a coordinate point (Xc, Yc) which we call a ‘Centroid Point (CP)’ to collect data from the CH nodes. This ‘CP’ is dependent on the coordinates of all the CHs and also on their residual or remaining energy left over at any given round. This way the CH nodes have to pump a balanced amount of energy to send and receive data from SN, which makes the nodes last for a longer period. The simulation results imply that the CBR model is much efficient compared to other existing models in terms of energy utilization and network lifetime for the non-uniformly distributed sensor nodes in a given network area.