Detection of Several Carbohydrates Using Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes Modified with Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles

In this work the electrooxidations of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and arabinose are studied at a nickel hydroxide nanoparticle modified boron-doped diamond electrode and compared to an unmodified electrode. These carbohydrates are very important in the second-generation ethanol production process. Nickel hydroxide modified borondoped diamond was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to study the interface properties of surface-modified electrodes in the absence and presence of the carbohydrates. Limits of detection were 5.3 × 10#x2212;5, 6.8 × 10−5, 2.7 × 10−4, 6.9 × 10−5, 8.8 × 10−5 and 2.6 × 10−5 mol L−1 for glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, respectively.