Heterogeneity in patterns of helminth infections across populations of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)

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作者
Klara J. Petrželková
Carine Uwamahoro
Barbora Pafčo
Barbora Červená
Peter Samaš
Antoine Mudakikwa
Richard Muvunyi
Prosper Uwingeli
Kirsten Gilardi
Julius Nziza
Jean Bosco Noheri
Winnie Eckardt
Felix Ndagijimana
Benard Ssebide
Ricky Okwirokello
Fred Nizeyimana
Eddy Kambale Syaluha
Gaspard Nzayisenga
Luis Flores Girón
Méthode Bahizi
Adrien Emile Ntwari
Jean-Paul Lukusa
Jean Claude Tumushime
Damien Mangura
Jeff Mapilanga
Arthur Kalonji
Robert Aruho
Anna Stryková
Zuzana Tehlarová
Rita Cameira
Linda Lowenstine
Jan Šlapeta
Dušan Romportl
Nicola Ferrari
Michael Cranfield
David Modrý
机构
[1] The Czech Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Biology
[2] Biology Centre,Institute of Parasitology
[3] The Czech Academy of Sciences,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
[4] Liberec Zoo,School of Veterinary Medicine
[5] Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science
[6] University of Veterinary Sciences Brno,Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science
[7] Rwanda Development Board,Department of Veterinary Medicine
[8] Gorilla Doctors (MGVP,Research Center Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections ‘‘EpiSoMI’’
[9] Inc.),Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science
[10] Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro,undefined
[11] Lwiro Primate Rehabilitation Center,undefined
[12] Democratic Republic of Congo and Ivan Carter Wildlife Conservation Alliance,undefined
[13] Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature,undefined
[14] Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature,undefined
[15] Parc National de Kahuzi Biega,undefined
[16] Uganda Wildlife Authority,undefined
[17] University of California Davis,undefined
[18] University of Sydney,undefined
[19] Charles University,undefined
[20] Università degli Studi di Milano,undefined
[21] Università degli Studi di Milano,undefined
[22] Masaryk University,undefined
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摘要
Conservation efforts have led to the recovery of the endangered mountain gorilla populations. Due to their limited potential for spatial expansion, population densities increased, which may alter the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Recently, clinical gastrointestinal illnesses linked to helminth infections have been recorded in both gorilla populations. To understand drivers and patterns of helminth infections we quantified strongylid and tapeworm infections across both Virunga Massif and Bwindi populations using fecal egg counts. We assessed the impact of age, sex, group size, season and spatial differences used as a proxy, which reflects observed variation in the occurrence of gastrointestinal problems, vegetation types, gorilla subpopulation growth and associated social structure on helminth infections. We revealed striking geographic differences in strongylid infections with higher egg counts mostly in areas with high occurrences of gastrointestinal disease. Increased helminth egg counts were also associated with decreasing group size in some areas. Observed spatial differences may reflect mutual effects of variations in subpopulation growth rates, gorilla social structure, and vegetation associated with altitude across mountain gorilla habitat. Helminth infection intensities in Virunga gorillas were lowest in the youngest and the oldest animals. Elucidating parasite infection patterns of endangered species with low genetic diversity is crucial for their conservation management.
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