RNA’s coming of age as a drug target

After being perceived for a long time merely as an intermediate between DNA (the depository of the genetic information) and proteins (the macromolecules that work inside a cell), RNA is now the center of attention in biomedical research. RNA’s boost in fame is in part attributable to the discovery of its role in controlling the expression of certain genes through direct sensing of small molecules. In addition, the RNA component of the protein synthesis machinery is the prime target for most antibiotics. Molecular recognition principles that underlie RNA–ligand interactions in these systems emerged from relentlessly refined structural, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Together, they keep informing the design of novel drugs that are much needed to help alleviate the current resistance crisis.