On the study of replay and voice conversion attacks to text-dependent speaker verification

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) is to automatically accept or reject a claimed identity based on a speech sample. Recently, individual studies have confirmed the vulnerability of state-of-the-art text-independent ASV systems under replay, speech synthesis and voice conversion attacks on various databases. However, the behaviours of text-dependent ASV systems have not been systematically assessed in the face of various spoofing attacks. In this work, we first conduct a systematic analysis of text-dependent ASV systems to replay and voice conversion attacks using the same protocol and database, in particular the RSR2015 database which represents mobile device quality speech. We then analyse the interplay of voice conversion and speaker verification by linking the voice conversion objective evaluation measures with the speaker verification error rates to take a look at the vulnerabilities from the perspective of voice conversion.