Container port competition and complementarity in supply chain systems: Evidence from the Pearl River Delta

Container shipping is a significant trade facilitator in supply chains. Embedded within the container shipping system are competitive elements as well as complementary aspects in inter-container port relationships. The article aims to examine these relationships through a thorough investigation of the calling patterns of container shipping services in order to understand the dynamics of competition and complementarity which exist among container ports. Specifically, empirical evidence will be sought from the Pearl River Delta in South China where the analysis will identify the routes and markets where competition or complementarity exists, participants involved, and the extensity and intensity of such relationships between the container ports of Hong Kong and Shenzhen. The investigation shows that apart from container port competition, inter-port complementarity also accounted for a significant share of changes to shipping capacity affected. The article discusses the benefits offered from inter-container port complementarity for advancing the competitive position of container ports and the practical and research implications.