Influence of temperature on the electrical characteristic parameters and dynamic electro-mechanical behaviour of PZT-5H

In the field of ammunition, piezoelectric ceramics are increasingly used as part of impact fuze systems. It is an urgent problem to improve the low-temperature storage and low-temperature environment adaptability of piezoelectric ceramic power supply. In order to study the dynamic mechanical and electrical response characteristics of PZT-5H at − 40 to 25 °C, the static electrical parameters of PZT-5H at different temperatures were measured, and the Hopkinson bar experiments at different temperatures and impact velocities were carried out by using the self-established low-temperature mechanical and electrical test system. The variation of resistivity and relative permittivity of PZT-5H from − 40 to 25 °C is obtained by experiment, and the relaxation time of PZT-5H is obtained according to Debye’s theory. Combined with the observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM), the influence mechanism of porosity and crack on the electrical output characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics was obtained. The mechanism of the freezing effect of piezoelectric ceramics at low temperatures is obtained through space charge theory analysis. The variation of the dynamic piezoelectric voltage constant with temperature and time in the elastic region measured by the experiment is clarified.