Biliopancreatic Diversion with a Duodenal Switch

Background: This paper evaluates biliopancreatic diversion combined with the duodenal switch, forming a hybrid procedure which is a combination of restriction and malabsorption. Methods: The evaluation is of the first 440 patients undergoing this procedure who had had no previous bariatric surgery. The mean starting weight was 183 kg, with 41% of our patients considered super morbidly obese (BMI > 50). Results: There was an average maximum weight loss of 80% excess weight by 24 months postoperation; this continued at a 70% level for 8 years. Major complications were found in almost 9% of the cases. There were two perioperative deaths, one from pulmonary embolism and one from acute pulmonary obstruction. There were 36 type II diabetics, all of whom have discontinued medication following the surgery. Seventeen revisions were performed to correct excess weight loss and low protein levels. There have been no marginal ulcers, no cases of dumping syndrome, no foreign material used, and the procedure is a pyloric saving procedure which is functionally reversible. Conclusions: This operation has vastly improved the lives of seriously obese patients with many co-morbidities. All type II diabetics have essentially been cured of their disease. The procedure was tolerated well and patients are quite satisfied. There was minimal regain of weight with this method.