Quantum Computing vs. Coherent Computing

In this review article, we compare the performance of two computing systems: quantum computing and coherent computing. A layered architecture for circuit-model quantum computing, employing surface code quantum error correction, has been recently discussed. Using this concrete hardware platform, it is possible to provide resource analysis for executing the fault-tolerent quantum computing for prime number factoring and molecular eigen-energy calculation that cannot be solved by the present day computing systems. A particular quantum computing system could solve such problems on the time scale of 1-10 days by using 108 – 109 physical qubits.