Oxygen isotopic composition of coexisting minerals of sillimanite-hypersthene rocks from the Por’ya bay area: Evidence of fluid involvement in granulite-facies metamorphism

Hypersthene-garnet-sillimanite-quartz enclaves were studied in orthopyroxene-plagioclase and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene crystalline schists and gneisses from shear zones exposed in Palenyi Island in the Early Proterozoic Belomorian Mobile Belt. Qualitative analysis of mineral assemblages indicates that these rocks were metamorphosed to the granulite facies (approximately 900°C and 10–11 kbar). Oxygen isotopic composition was determined in rock-forming minerals composing zones of the enclaves of various mineralogical and chemical composition. The closure temperatures of the isotopic systems obtained by methods of oxygen isotopic thermometry are close to the values obtained with mineralogical geothermometers (Grt-Opx and Grt-Bt) and correspond to the high-temperature granulite facies (860–900°C). Identified systematic variations in the δ18O values were determined in the same minerals from zones of different mineral composition. Inasmuch as these zones are practically in contact with one another, these variations in δ18O cannot be explained by the primary isotopic heterogeneity of the protolith. The model calculations of the extent and trend of the δ18O variations in minerals suggest that the only mechanism able to generate the zoning was fluid-rock interaction at various integral fluid/rock ratios in discrete zones. This demonstrates that a focused fluid flux could occur in lower crustal shear zones. The preservation of high-temperature isotopic equilibria of minerals testifies that the episode of fluid activity at the peak of metamorphism was very brief.