The origin and tectonic significance of the volcanic rocks of the Yeba Formation in the Gangdese magmatic belt, South Tibet

Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemistry were performed on the tuffs of the Yeba Formation in the Gangdese magmatic belt, South Tibet. The results are used to detail the age, source nature and tectonic processes that led to the formation of the Gangdese belt. Dating results indicate that the rhyolitic-andesitic tuffs were formed at 174-170 Ma. Positive and variable zircon εHf(t) values of the rhyolitic tuffs reveal that the source was dominated by juvenile material, however, experienced crustal contamination. The basaltic tuffs have low HREEs, high contents of compatible elements (V and Cr) and no Eu anomaly. In contrast, the rhyolitic-andesitic tuffs show low compatible trace elements, depletion in Eu but enrichment in incompatible elements (Rb, Zr and Hf). According to the discrimination diagrams of P2O5-SiO2 and Th-Rb, the rhyolitic-andesitic tuffs show a close affinity to I-type granitoids. Moreover, these tuffs are marked by significant depletion in Nb, Ta and Ti, plotted in calc-alkaline field, and with the andesitic-rhyolitic tuffs falling into an active continental margin setting. We suggest that these tuffs of the Yeba Formation were probably generated in an active continental margin above the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.