Efficient multi-objective differential-evolution-based clustering protocol

Energy efficiency has always been the foremost issue from early time in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). To address the issues of energy, many optimized routing protocols have been proposed. Many challenging problems may occur mainly due to drainage of batteries in the network. These problems can be resolved by improving the network lifetime as well as stability period using some efficient routing-based protocols. WSN can be categorized as homogeneous and heterogeneous WSN relying on the attributes of the network. Heterogeneous sensor nodes have more advantages as compared with homogeneous with the advancement of energy and resources in the network. In this work, nodes are distributed among multiple regions where all the nodes are divided into certain clusters. The clusters automatically elect the cluster heads (CHs), which are carriers of data to sink node. Multi-objective differential evolution is used to select the shortest path among the CHs and the base station. Results have shown that this protocol improves the execution of the network field using heterogeneous nodes.