Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with High Sensitivity and Narrow FWHM

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing methods enable highly sensitive, fast response, and label-free analysis of biomolecular interactions. For SPR sensors, sensitivity and full width at half maximum (FWHM) are two incompatible performance parameters. We propose a refractive index (RI) sensor using a dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and SPR effects to achieve high sensitivity and a narrow FWHM simultaneously. The air holes of the sensor appear in a hexagonal arrangement, and polishing technology introduces two polishing planes into the cladding. A gold film is deposited on one side of the polished plane to form a highly sensitive RI sensing channel. Five gold nanowires are deposited on the other side of the polished plane to form a RI sensing channel with a narrow FWHM. We analyzed and optimized its structural parameters using the finite element method and determined the optimal structural parameters. The numerical results demonstrate that the maximum sensitivity of the sensor is 21,000 nm/RIU with the narrowest FWHM of 31 nm. Therefore, measuring the refractive index simultaneously with two sensing channels increases the detection accuracy of the measurement. In addition, the findings further indicate that variations in structural parameters do not significantly impact the sensing performance of the sensor, which makes the production of the sensor relatively simple. In conclusion, our work provides a new research method for realizing high sensitivity and a narrow FWHM simultaneously.