Computational investigations on the combined shear–torsion–bending behavior of dry-joint masonry using DEM

This research explores the mechanical behavior of dry-joint masonry subjected to combined shear–torsion–bending loading via the discrete element method (DEM), which has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. It also aims to shed light on the accuracy and effectiveness of DEM simulations when the unit–mortar-interfaces are exposed to complex loading scenarios. Throughout this study, the masonry walls are represented as a system of rigid blocks that can mechanically interact with each other via contact points. The proposed modeling strategy is validated against recent experimental findings, and parametric analyses are performed considering the number of contact points and the stiffness. The results reveal that discrete element models can provide accurate predictions when sufficient numbers of contact points are defined on the contact plane. Thus, the required number of contact points to be utilized in the DEM-based simulations is suggested. Furthermore, the dependency of the results on the contact stiffness values, which are associated with vertical pressure, is demonstrated. Tailoring the models based on the suggested discretization ensures capturing the sophisticated stress distributions developing at the joints in masonry structures accurately.