VSMOW Triple Point of Water Cells: Borosilicate versus Fused-Quartz

To investigate an ideal container material for the triple point of water (TPW) cell and to reduce the influence to the triple-point temperature, due to the deviation of the isotopic composition of the water, both borosilicate and fused-quartz glass shelled TPW cells with isotopic composition substantially matching that of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) were developed and tested. Through a specially designed manufacturing system, the isotopic composition, δD and δ18 O, of the water in the TPW cell could be controlled within ±10‰ (per mil) and ±1.5‰, respectively, resulting in control of the isotopic temperature correction to better than ± 8 μK. Through an ampoule attached to the cell, the isotopic composition of the water in the cell could be individually analyzed . After manufacture, the initial triple-point temperatures of the two types of cell were measured and compared to assess the quality of the cells and manufacturing process. Cells fabricated with the new system agree within 50 μK. Two innovatively designed borosilicate and fused-quartz TPW cells were made, each with six attached ampoules. One ampoule was removed every 6 months to track any changes in purity of the water over time.