Explicit incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics in a multi-GPU environment for large-scale simulations

We present an explicit incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics formulation with stabilized pressure distribution and its implementation in a multiple graphics processing unit environment. The pressure Poisson equation is stabilized via both pressure invariance and divergence-free conditions, and its explicit formulation is derived using the first step of the Jacobi iterative solver. Also, we show how to adapt the fixed wall ghost particle for the boundary condition into our explicit approach. Verification and validation of the method include hydrostatic and dam break numerical tests. The computational performance in the multi-GPU environment was notably high with reasonable speedup values compared to our single-GPU implementation. In particular, our code allows simulations with very large number of particles reaching up to 200 million per GPU card. Finally, to illustrate the potential of our formulation in simulating natural disasters, we present a simulation of the famous Fukushima Dai-ichi Power Plant inundation by the tsunami from The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, in Japan.