Amelioration of salinity tolerance in Solanum tuberosum L. by exogenous application of ascorbic acid

The present investigation envisaged revealing the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid in increasing resistance against NaCl stress. Shoot apices from 60-d-old, in vitro-grown plants of two commercially important cultivars of Solanum tuberosum L., cvs. Desiree and Cardinal, were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mM ascorbic acid for 72 h as a pretreatment. Pretreated and non-pretreated shoot apices were transferred to MS medium containing different concentrations of NaCl (0–140 mM; eight treatments). Results were recorded for morphological (shoot length, shoot number, root length, root number, and number of nodes) and biochemical features (protein, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities) after 60 d of salt treatment. Similarly, 60-d-old, well-proliferated callus cultures were also pretreated with ascorbic acid for 24 h and transferred to an optimized callus proliferation medium containing different concentrations of salt. Results were recorded after 60 d of salt treatment for percentage relative fresh weight growth and biochemical parameters. Salinity severely inhibited all the growth parameters in both the cultivars. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid to both salt-treated plants and callus cultures showed significant differences with respect to almost all of the growth and biochemical parameters studied. Protein content as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities increased significantly in both the cultivars, although peroxidase activity showed a decreasing trend in ascorbic acid-pretreated plants as well as callus cultures.