Does employment-based private health insurance increase the use of covered health care services? A matching estimator approach

This study estimates the effect of employment-based private health insurance (EPHI) on the use of covered health care services based on Danish survey data collected in 2009. The paper provides some of the first estimates of how EPHI affects the use of health care services in a Scandinavian context. The effect of EPHI is estimated using propensity score matching. This method is shown to provide plausible estimates given the institutional setting of EPHI in Denmark and a wide set of relevant covariates. Considering the full sample of occupationally active, it is found that EPHI does not significantly affect the probability of having had any hospitalisations, physiotherapist, chiropractor, psychologist, specialist, or ambulatory contacts within a 12 month period. Restricting the analysis to the subsample of privately employed, the estimated effects for ambulatory contacts and hospitalisation are somewhat higher and statistically significant. More precisely, it is found that EPHI increases the probability of hospitalisation from 5.1 to 8.5% and the probability of having had any ambulatory contacts from 17.9 to 23.3% among the privately employed.