Multiple asymmetries: The European union’s neo-byzantine approach to eastern enlargement

This article takes a critical view of EU enlargement as thus far undertaken. First, it suggests that there are parallels between the diplomacy applied by Brussels toward Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and that of medieval Byzantium vis-à-vis its hinterland. Second, and by turning to the contemporary process of EU expansion, it explores structural reasons for CEE states, legally and politically, rarely being treated as subjects. Third, it argues that the mere prospect of eastward enlargement already has brought about significant democratization and institutionalization of the rule of law, outside as well as within the EU. Nevertheless, this article concludes by cautioning that the double challenge of entrenched West European interests and neglect of CEE problems and sensitivities on the part of Brussels might still disrupt the process. © 2002 Kluwer Law International.