A multi-stage energy operation of the smart microgrid with optimal performance of the consumers

In this paper, multi-stage energy optimization with demand response programs (DRPs) in a smart microgrid (SMG) is investigated. The proposed approach by using tri-stage multi-objective functions is modeled. The two DRPs, including the demand shifting program (DSP) in the first stage and the load reduction program (LRP) as reserve strategy in the second stage, are taken into account as optimal consumers’ participation based on electrical price traffic in the energy market. However, optimization of the third stage is modeled as a multi-objective for decreasing power losses and energy costs. In the proposed optimization, the electrical load demand in the first and second stages is modified. In the following, modified consumption is linked to the reduction of the multi-objective functions. Using the ε-constraint method, the proposed optimization approach is solved for the third stage. Finally, a simulation of the proposed optimization is done as two case studies to validation of the mentioned approach. The case studies considering the implementation of the DRPs are investigated. In the first case, DRPs are not implemented by the demand side, whereas in the second case, DRPs are performed. The results in the second case show consumers’ participation in the modification of the consumption pattern has desired impacts on technical and economic indices in SMG.