Pentagon-Shaped MIMO Antenna for INSAT C Band Applications

A micro-strip fed four-port pentagon-shaped 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a single band-notched characteristic is designed for C band applications. With a frequency range of 2.2 to 3.9 GHz, the band-notched characteristic is centered at 2.6 GHz. The proposed antenna limits S band operation from 2.2 to 3.9 GHz. The proposed design is completed in five steps, each of which yields a different result. The suggested design consists of six stages, each of which results in a progressive increase in gain, bandwidth, and radiation efficiency. It is made on a low-cost FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. To boost gain and bandwidth and to decrease mutual coupling between close elements, a defective ground structure is employed. In the desired frequency of operation, the proposed 4 × 4 MIMO antenna has good return loss characteristics, low mutual coupling, and a low envelope correlation coefficient. The proposed 4 × 4 MIMO with DGS configuration is suitable for the INSAT (Indian National Satellite) receiving system. The ADS tool is used for simulations, and the fabricated patch antenna is tested with a vector network analyzer. The measured and simulated values are nearly identical. The proposed antenna with exhaustive study, simulated return loss, and the radiation pattern are detailed in this paper.