A review on valorization, management, and applications of the hazardous weed Parthenium hysterophorus

The noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus has spread globally since departing from its native environment over two centuries ago. Its ability to thrive is attributed to adaptive features such as the lack of natural adversaries, broad adaptability, resilience to drought, insensitivity to light conditions, rapid seed production, easy seed dispersal, and allelopathic traits, enabling it to flourish in various soil types and overcome climatic constraints. We aim to eliminate the P. hysterophorus infection because we are aware of its harmful effects. Attempting to limit its expansion is not a feasible strategy for eradication; instead, it can be effectively handled by harnessing it for diverse purposes. This review provides a concise overview of the P. hysterophorus issue and highlights potential uses that could offer innovative approaches to address the problem. Newly identified applications of P. hysterophorus encompass composting, serving as a bioremediation agent for hazardous metals and dyes, acting as a cost-effective substrate for cellulase production, contributing to nanoparticle synthesis, facilitating ethanol production, and serving as a biogas source.