A modified Bartlett test for heteroscedastic one-way MANOVA

In this paper, we investigate tests of linear hypotheses in heteroscedastic one-way MANOVA via proposing a modified Bartlett (MB) test. The MB test is easy to conduct via using the usual χ2-table. It is shown to be invariant under affine transformations, different choices of the contrast matrix used to define the same hypothesis and different labeling schemes of the mean vectors. Simulation studies and real data applications demonstrate that the MB test performs well and is generally comparable to Krishnamoorthy and Lu’s (J Statist Comput Simul 80(8):873–887, 2010) parametric bootstrap test in terms of size controlling and power.