Direct ammonia proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells prepared by a modified suspension spray

A dense \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\text{BaCe}}_{{\text{0}}{\text{.8}}} {\text{Sm}}_{{\text{0}}{\text{.2}}} {\text{O}}_{{\text{3 - }}\delta } $$\end{document} (BCSO) membrane was fabricated by a modified suspension spraying on porous NiO–BCSO anode support. In the process, the suspension was directly prepared by ball-milling the BaCO3, CeO2, and Sm2O3 powders in ethanol. A dense and uniform electrolyte layer in the thickness of 10 μm was successfully prepared on porous anode support by suspension spray process after co-sintering at 1,400 °C for 5 h. With \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\text{Nd}}_{{\text{0}}{\text{.7}}} {\text{Sr}}_{{\text{0}}{\text{.3}}} {\text{MnO}}_{{\text{3 - }}\sigma } $$\end{document} (NSMO) cathode, a single cell was assembled and tested with hydrogen and ammonia as fuels, respectively. The hydrogen-fueled cell exhibits 1.01 V for open circuit voltage (OCV) and 560 mW/cm2 for peak power density at 700 °C. In comparison, the cell in ammonia displays a similar performance (1.02 V for OCV and 530 mW/cm2 for output), which indicates the liquid ammonia is a promising substitute for hydrogen. Moreover, the fuel cell displays good interface contacts. To sum up, ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells prepared by this simple suspension spray is an alternative way to promote the commercialization.