Effective Tools and Technologies for IoT and Blockchain-Based Remote Patient Monitoring: A Comparative Analysis

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a rapidly growing area in healthcare that utilizes technology to collect patient health data remotely and enable healthcare professionals to monitor patients' health conditions without requiring them to be physically present in a healthcare facility. The use of IoT sensors and Blockchain technology has the potential to transform RPM by enabling more secure, transparent, and efficient monitoring of patients' health conditions. The objective of this study is to unveil the effective the tools and technologies for implementing the RPM systems and Blockchain-based electronic health records. PRISMA is used for the systematic analysis of the relevant studies to meet the objective of the study. This article provides a deep overview of IoT and Blockchain-based electronic health records (EHR) for remote patient monitoring. This study also discover the various components of an IoT and Blockchain-based RPM system, including sensors, data transmission protocols, cloud-based platforms, and Blockchain framework and performance analysis tools. It also examines the potential benefits of this approach, such as improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and increased efficiency. This study found that ESP32 and MQTT protocol is the most effective microcontroller and communication protocol, respectively, to develop an RPM system. Moreover, to establish a secure and decentralized system for managing EHR, a number of Blockchain frameworks and performance monitoring tools were also investigated. It was discovered that Hyperledger Fabric and caliper are effective framework and performance analysis tool. Future research should focus on scalability, privacy, energy consumption, and interoperability challenges by implementing an enhanced model with identified effective tools and technologies. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.