A critical review of pyritinol

Pyritinol (pyrithioxine) is a combination of two molecules of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) with disulfide linkage. Its pharmacokinetic profile mimics that of its parent compound. Because it crosses the blood–brain barrier, its major clinical utility is in brain-related disorders. Pyritinol regulates signalling pathways of various neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, N-methyl-d-aspartate, etc. Pyritinol has also been shown to act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and also reduces plasma viscosity. It is indicated in paediatric populations to treat learning disabilities, developmental dysphasia, postnatal hypoxia and other cognitive disorders. In adults, it is indicated for improving cognition and memory, Alzheimer’s disease, multi-infarct dementia and rheumatoid arthritis. It has also been investigated in many other clinical conditions, but results are inconclusive. The positive results of many animal studies have not been replicated into consistent clinical success. This review aims to discuss potential uses of pyritinol and its future prospects.