Opposite Association of Serum Prolactin and Survival in Patients with Colon and Rectal Carcinomas: Influence of Preoperative Radiotherapy

Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic hormone associated with the progression of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we investigate whether the association of serum PRL concentration and survival is affected by tumor location and preoperative radiotherapy (PRERT) in patients with CRC cancer. Serum PRL was determined in 82 CRC patients without previous treatment. Patients with PRL concentrations at and above the 75th percentile (high PRL) or below this level (low PRL), had a significant correlation with overall survival determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. In colon cancer, there was an increased risk of mortality when PRL values were at and above the highest quartile (22% vs. 73%; P = 0.01). In contrast, in rectal cancer, high PRL values were associated with a significant overall survival advantage (88% vs. 44%; P = 0.05), which became more significant (100% vs. 34%; P = 0.005) when only rectal cancer patients receiving PRERT were compared. These findings suggest that tumor location and adjuvant radiotherapy influence the association between circulating PRL and survival in CRC.