Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Very Young

Purpose of Review: The aim of this report was to review the recent literature related to the assessment and management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children under the age of 2 years. Recent Findings: Adenotonsillectomy (AT) indications are changing, with a greater proportion of younger children undergoing AT for OSA. Medical therapies may be an alternative to AT in mild-moderate OSA cases; however, further research is needed. Coblation® intracapsular tonsillectomy may confer benefits in reduced post-operative pain and hemorrhage. Recent concerns regarding the safety of general anesthesia in young children are an important area for further investigation. Summary: There is a paucity of literature related to OSA in children younger than 2 years. Recent large-scale trials have actively excluded children from this age group and there are no planned studies of this specific population. These children represent a distinct population with differing etiologies, presentations, investigations, and management consideration. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.