Hadron Structure Using Continuum Schwinger Function Methods

The vast bulk of visible mass emerges from nonperturbative dynamics within quantum chromodynamics—the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. The past decade has revealed the three pillars that support this emergent hadron mass (EHM); namely, a nonzero gluon mass-scale, a process-independent effective charge, and dressed-quarks with constituent-like masses. Theory is now working to expose their manifold and diverse expressions in hadron observables and highlighting the types of measurements that can be made in order to validate the paradigm. In sketching some of these developments, this discussion stresses the role of EHM in forming nucleon electroweak structure and the wave functions of excited baryons through the generation of dynamical diquark correlations; producing and constraining the dilation of the leading-twist pion distribution amplitude; shaping pion and nucleon parton distribution functions—valence, glue and sea, including the asymmetry of antimatter; and moulding pion and proton charge and mass distributions.