Nonstationary heat conduction over a blunt body with surface mass exchange placed in a supersonic flow

Interaction of a high-temperature gas with a heat-reflecting coating is accompanied by many interrelated processes. The need for thermal protection arises when an unprotected structure is bound to inevitably fail under the action of heat fluxes. It seems that heat fluxes on the order of 2.5 × 10 5 W/m2, which corresponds to equilibrium surface temperatures exceeding 1500 K, set the upper operating temperature limit for unprotected refractory metals. However, this limit is to some extent conditional, since mechanical and corrosion effects may often aggravate the thermal action, causing the structure to fail at much lower temperatures.