Adverse drug reaction-related hospitalisations among patients with heart failure at two hospitals in the United Arab Emirates

Background Little is known about the adverse drug reaction (ADR) related admissions among heart failure (HF) patients. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the rate, factors, and medications associated with ADR-related hospitalisations among HF patients. Setting Two government hospitals in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Methods This was a prospective, observational study. Consecutive adult HF patients who were admitted between December 2011 and November 2012 to the cardiology units were included in this study. The circumstances of their admission were analysed. Main outcome measures ADRs-related admissions of HF patients to cardiology units were identified and further assessed for their nature, causality, and preventability. Results Of 511 admissions, 34 were due to ADR-related hospitalisation (6.65, 95 % confidence interval 4.8–8.5 %). Number of medications taken by HF patients was the only predictors of ADR-related hospitalisations, where higher number of medications was associated with the odd ratio of 1.11 (95 % CI, 1.03–1.20, P = 0.005). More than one-third of ADR-related hospitalisations (35 %) were preventable The most frequent drugs causing ADR-related hospitalisation were diuretics (32 %), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (15 %), thiazolidinediones (9 %), anticoagulants (9 %), antiplatelets (6 %), and aldosterone blockers (6 %). Conclusion ADR-related hospitalisations account for 6.7 % of admissions of HF patients to cardiac units, one-third of which are preventable. Number of medications taken by HF patients is the only predictors of ADR-related hospitalisations. Diuretic induced volume depletion, and sodium and water retention caused by thiazolidinediones and NSAIDs medications are the major causes of ADR-related hospitalisations of HF patients.