Bryozoan nodules as a frame-builder of bryozoan-microreef, Middle Miocene sediments, Egypt

Bryozoan nodules, coralline algae, scleractinian corals and oysters form an important organic buildup, 1.2–4.5 m thick in the Langhian-Serravaliann sediments of Egypt. Based on type, shape and size of the substrate, bryozoan nodules take tree-like and globular morphologies. Tree-like specimens reach 10 cm in maximum height and 3 cm in diameter, while Globular ones attain 9 cm in maximum diameter. Most tree-like nodules are perforated with wide or narrow pores, few are non-perforated. Globulars and few tree-like forms are with mamelon-like structures. Perforations on the outer surfaces may indicate a symbiotic relationship between bryozoans and a live plant substrate. Nodules from Homiera and Gharra areas of the Cairo-Suez District with wider perforations may indicate growth in slightly lighter or turbid areas of the continental shelf than those of North Western Desert of narrower perforations. Non-perforated nodules may assume an incrustation on ephemeral substrate.