Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder but with heterogeneous symptoms. Approximately 30% of women experience menstrual cycle-dependent mental and/or somatic symptoms that require treatment. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS, which affects 3-8% of women of reproductive age. The duration and severity of the symptoms are variable, occur mostly in the second half of the menstrual cycle and reach a peak 2 days before the onset of menstruation. The etiology and pathogenesis of PMS/PMDD are not yet completely clarified. The diagnosis is aided by filling out a logbook of the cycles. Based on a healthy lifestyle, treatment should be carried out in stages and adapted to the leading symptom. Micronutrients, such as Vitex agnus-castus and calcium can bring additional benefits as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of treatment with antidepressants and ovulation inhibitors.