Estimating the Economic Costs and Level of Pesticide Use in Oil Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Orchards: Evidence from a Survey for the Lakes Region of Turkey [Schätzung der Kosten und des Ausmaßes des Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatzes in Öl-Rosen (Rosa damascena Mill.) Plantagen. Ergebnisse aus einer Studie im Seengebiet der Türkei]

The main objective of this study was to estimate the economic losses resulting from overdose used of pesticide and determining of economic costs on practices of pesticide application and level of pesticide use on oil rose production in Turkey. Lakes Region of Turkey was chosen as research area because oil rose is a major crop grown in the study area. The data used in this study were collected from oil rose growers using a face-to-face interview. The result of the analyses showed that farmers use agricultural chemical more than the recommendations of extension units, depending on the prospectus of chemicals in the oil rose production. The average usages per hectare of active ingredient of insecticides and fungicides were determined to be 2 612.80 and 2 347.50 gr-ml-cc, respectively. An average plant protection cost was € 593.31 ha−1, which was 25.17 % of total oil rose production costs. It was calculated that economic loss was € 172.37 per hectare due to overdose of agricultural chemicals. The percentages of this loss were 58.66 %, 37.56 % and 3.78 % copper sulfate, pesticides and sulfur, respectively. It was calculated that economic loss was € 64.73 per hectare due to overdose of pesticides. The percentages of this loss are 61.40 % and 38.60 % insecticide and fungicide, respectively. Gain threshold was calculated as 637.75 kg ha−1. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.