Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Materials: A Comprehensive Review

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a new generation of engineered materials whose composition and structure are spatially varied through non-uniform distribution. This article presents a comprehensive overview of FGMs, including their conventional fabrication techniques in brief and a detailed analysis of their fabrication through additive manufacturing (AM). In contrast, the AM enables the fabrication of complex and intricate geometry. The combination of materials composition, manufacturing techniques, and modelling of FGMs is conferred with appropriate insistence on illuminating the fundamental structure–property-material relationships. Further, the challenges in the fabrication, modelling, and strategy to process of FGMs are discussed.