Observed changes in temperature extremes over Asia and their attribution

This study presents trends in a newly compiled temperature extreme indices dataset for Asia covering the period of 1958–2012. Daily data were homogenized prior to the calculation of the indices. A clear warming trend was observed in all indices, which is consistent with the global warming. In most of the indices, larger warming was observed at high latitudes than at low latitudes. We also compared observations with simulations from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 for some indices using an optimal fingerprinting method. These indices include the number of days with daily maximum or minimum temperatures greater than their 90th percentiles or smaller than their 10th percentiles, the annual highest daily maximum and minimum temperatures, and the annual lowest daily maximum and minimum temperatures. We determined that the warming trend was inconsistent with the natural variability of the climate system but agreed with climate responses to external forcing as simulated by the models. The anthropogenic and natural signals could be detected and separated from each other in the region for almost all indices, indicating the robustness of the warming signal as well as the attribution of warming to external causes.