Development of heutagogy approach in M-learning for sustainability education

Lifelong education is increasingly popular among Malaysians in accordance with the formation of a stable economy. The need for education is no longer limited, and this education has given equal opportunities to all citizens, especially to the working class. Therefore, this study is to identify the elements of need that the educational student needs throughout the development of m-learning for lifelong education. A total of 11 experts were selected to analyze the fuzziness consensus of experts. All of the data obtained will be analyzed using the Fuzzy Delphi method. The findings show that smartphones are the most appropriate devices in helping students with thorough education and the smartphones sit at the first position as compared to tablet PC and laptop devices. Whereas, the six heutagogy elements that explore, create, connect, share, reflect, and collaborate have reached unity with the threshold value of d ≤ 0.2 and the percentage of the expert group is more than 75%. However, the sharing elements have the highest position in the development of modules for lifelong education. Therefore, based on the consensus agreements, the development of modules for these lifelong educational students should be incorporated with the elements of heutagogy according to the position in the expert consensus.