Coordinated Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generations in Smart Distribution Grids Considering Active Management and Contingencies

This study presents a multi-objective bi-level optimization model for distributed generation (DG) allocation in smart distribution grids integrating energy storage devices. As part of smart distribution grids, four active management schemes, coordinated on-load tap-changer voltage control, DG power factor control, DG curtailment and demand side management, are embedded in the proposed model. Uncertainties related to DGs, loads and contingencies and the capability of energy storage devices for peak shaving and renewable energy compensation are also inherent. The allocation model simulates the network transfer process to postpone the DG investment. The trade-off between the defined annual total cost and N-1 security margin index is achieved in the optimal allocation methodology considering operation thresholds and security improvements. The DG allocation solutions are solved by a hybrid algorithm. The correlated input parameters of the optimization problem, such as wind speed, illumination intensity and load, are generated using quasi Monte Carlo simulation and singular value decomposition and then simplified by fuzzy C-means clustering to improve the computation efficiency of optimal power flow. A modified 104-bus distribution case is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed model.