(Reactive) Templated Grain Growth of Textured Sodium Bismuth Titanate (Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3) Ceramics—I Processing

Textured (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3 (5.5 mol% BaTiO3) ceramics with <100>pc (where pc denotes the pseudocubic perovskite cell) orientation were fabricated by Templated Grain Growth (TGG) and Reactive Templated Grain Growth (RTGG) using anisotropically shaped template particles. In the case of TGG, molten salt synthesized SrTiO3 platelets were tape cast with a (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-5.5 mol%BaTiO3 powder and sintered at 1200°C for up to 12 h. In the RTGG approach, Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) platelets were tape cast with a Na2CO3, Bi2O3, TiO2, and BaCO3 powder mixture and reactively sintered. The TGG approach using SrTiO3 templates resulted in >90% texture along [001] whereas the RTGG approach using BiT templates resulted in 80% texture. The grain orientation distribution along the textured direction, as measured by X-ray rocking curve, showed a full width at half maximum of ∼8° and a texture fraction of 80%.