Incidence and diversity of plant parasitic nematode communities associated with greenhouse ornamental plants in the coastal region of Syria

Like other plants, ornamental and cut flowers plants are subjected to be attacked with several plant parasitic nematodes (PPN), some of them have reported as responsible of serious problems. To date, no data on PPN communities associated with greenhouse ornamental plants on the Syrian coast is available. The present study thus aimed to: (i) determine the identity, frequency, population density, diversity and structure of PPN communities associated with greenhouse ornamental plants on the Syrian coast, and (ii) evaluate how plant species could impact the PPN diversity and community structure. 138 samples were collected from 12 different plant species and from 19 sites. The results revealed the wide distribution of PPN in greenhouse soils. A total of 17 genera were identified. Economically important nematodes such as Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus and Rotylenchulus at high population density levels were also reported. The results highlighted an impact of plant species on some taxonomical and functional diversity indices as well as on PPN structure in communities. Co-Interia analysis revealed a structure could be harmful on some plants (especially on Chrysanthemum, Dianthus, and on Gerbera, Rosa due to the high populations of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne recorded, respectively). However, pathogenicity tests are required to affirm the potential damage impact of these PPN. The study provides the first report of PPN communities associated with ornamental plants from Syria. The incidence of some nematode genera should be taken into consideration for future management plans because nematodes may become a limiting factor for ornamental plant production in this region if not controlled.