Patterns of Condom Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

HIV is rapidly spreading among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. We estimate and compare rates of condom use among MSM in different regions of China through a systematic literature review. Meta-analyses were conducted over a final set of 66 studies to estimate national and regional condom use rates among MSM with different types of male sex partners. Country-wide, there has been a modest increase in reported condom use at last sex among MSM, from 56.1% (95% CI: 53.4–58.7%) in 2003–2005 to 61.6% (95% CI: 58.4–64.8%) in 2006–2008. Consistent condom use has also increased, from 32.5% (95% CI: 28.6–36.7%) in 2003–2005 to 36.3% (95% CI: 33.7–38.9%) in 2006–2008. Condom use was greatest and increasing among commercial sex partners, from 49.8 to 75.2% at last anal sex. Further condom promotion is still required to reduce the incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China.