Investigating the Theory of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in MENA Countries

This analysis looks at the hypothesis of EKC in the MENA countries. The analytical instrument for this research contribution attempts to measure Kuznets’ theory’s implementation (1985). The background of the study goal is to examine the link between CO2 emissions and economic factors (renewable energy, FDI, trade). We interpreted the EKC hypothesis as a U-shaped inverted hypothesis, which included a connection between renewable energy, economic growth, and CO2 emissions, among other things. During the timeframe (1990) to (2018), the experimental method assisted by using a panel model for a sample of MENA countries. Empirical results indicate a long-term decline between renewable energies, economic growth, trade openness, and FDI. The long-run cointegrating relationship also shows a link between the rate of CO2 emissions and trade openness.