Dynamic Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process and Its Industry Validation

The simulation of the basic oxygen steelmaking process was conducted, incorporating transient compositions, temperature, and weight of liquid steel and slag. The simulation utilized a 3-reactor model that considered the thermodynamics of chemical reactions and the kinetic limitations governed by mass transfer. Additionally, the kinetics of scrap dissolution were taken into account. To describe the different parts of the combined blown oxygen steelmaking converter (top and bottom), three interconnected adiabatic reactors were employed. The refining reactions of the basic oxygen steelmaking process were perceived using the macro programming facility of FactSage™ software. Based on the model, the scrap dissolution time was determined to be 510 s, 400 s, and 300 s for scrap radii of 0.25 m, 0.18 m, and 0.14 m, respectively. The model’s predictions aligned well with the plant data regarding the removal of carbon, silicon, and phosphorus with respect to blowing time.